India is the inheritor of one of the most ancient and evolved music systems in the world. The continuity of the musical traditions of India can be established through a study of musical texts and numerous visual references of musical instruments that one finds in painting and sculpture from prehistoric times to the present day. The musical instruments are the backbone of the Indian music and tradition.

Some instruments are indigenous while some have come from outside the country and have evolved over time by Indian musicians and artisans. These various ancient instruments of India still have a very important place in the music as well as the customs and traditions of India. The exponents of these instruments have been the major reason for these instruments to sustain there importance in the Indian music.

Musical Instruments

Harmonium

Musical instruments are of varying types in terms of technique and can be divided into four main categories on the basis of how sound is produced through them. First one is Chordophones. These are the Stringed instruments. They are those which are played by fingernail or plectrum worn on fingers. Sitar, Veena, Sarod and Santoor can be put under this category. The second category is the Aerophones,which are the Wind instruments. These are played by mouth. Shehnai and Bansuri are the most famous aerophones played in India. The next category is the Membranophones. These instruments make sound when they are beaten up. Tabla and Mridangam are the membranophonic percussion instruments used in Hindustani classical music. The last category is the Idiophones.

These instruments do not require tuning. These instruments create vibration which very soothing for the ears. The art of playing these instruments comes by practice. Majira, Khartal and Ghungroo are used extensively in devotional music. The Sitar, The Tabla, The Baansuri, The Shehnai, The Sarod, The Dholak And The Harmonium are the quintessential musical instruments of India which are very famous and everyone is aware of these instruments. Other instruments are those which are not very popular but are still an integral part of the Indian music.

 

Sitar

Sitar, one of the most ancient and famous instrument in and outside India is a plucked stringed instrument which is played by pulling and releasing the strings is used mainly in Hindustani music, or classical Indian and Pakistani music. It has been derived from the Veena, an ancient Indian instrument.  It has a long neck with an amazing construction. It has a varying number of strings but 17 are usual and have three to four playing strings. Artists such as Ravi Shankar have popularized this instrument even in the western parts of the world. Pandit Ravi Shankar is regarded as one of the greatest exponent s of Sitar and has won a large no. of national and international awards for his excellence in playing Sitar.

Sarod

The Sarod, similar to the Sitar, is another aerophonic instrument native to Kashmir and having its origin in Persia. Playing on this instrument has been mastered by Maestro Amjad Ali Khan. Khan was born in Gwalior into a musical family and has performed internationally since the 1960 and has a lot of reputed national awards to his name. This instrument is used mainly in the Indian classical music. The Sarod is known for a deep, weighty, introspective sound, in contrast with the sweet, overtone-rich texture of the sitar.

Tabla

The Tabla, which is very similar to Bongos, is a membranophone percussion instrument, used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes.  There is a popular story behind its invention that Amir Khusrau accidentally split Mridangam into two halves and it still played. One of the greatest Tabla players of all time is Ustad Zakir Hussain. He has earned a name for himself and for the country by playing table worldwide. He also has won a lot of national and international awards and fame for playing the Tabla. He is a composer, a film actor and a music producer as well. His playing is marked by uncanny intuition and masterful improvisational dexterity.

Shehnai

The Shehnai is a wind instrument which is essentially used during the traditional wedding ceremonies but it also has a very important place in the Indian music. It has a cylindrical pipe like structure. It usually has six to nine holes and it is believed that it has its origin in Persia. Ustad Bismillah khan is the greatest exponent of Shehnai and his name is sometimes considered as synonymous to the Shehnai. He brought the Shehnai to the center stage of Indian music and is a winner of the Bharat Ratna.

Bansuri

The Bansuri is very much similar to the Shehnaai. It is a single hollow shaft of bamboo having six or seven holes and is about 14 inches in length. The instrument has a great religious significance because of its association with Lord Krishna. The most famous exponent of the Bansuri is Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia. He is known as the ‘virtuoso’ and a ‘living legend’ in the Eastern Classical genre. He has won a lot of prestigious national and international awards. Ministry of Culture of the Republic of France has appointed him as Knight in the Order of Arts and Letter in appreciation of the significant contribution he has made to spread culture in France and the rest of the World – 2009.

Santur

Ustaad Bismillah Khan

The Indian musical instruments have been and will always be an integral part of the Indian culture. These instruments define the Indian music, classical as well as modern. These are a part of people’s lives. The music that is produced through these instruments is not only a source of entertainment but also a medium of spirituality and is a part of all the ceremonies and celebrations. And as long as we are blessed with the exponents like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Ustad Bismillah Khan and Amjad Ali khan; we don’t stand a chance of loosing this valuable heritage.

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